Based on a sample taken Aug. 8, 2016, Statoil ASA in late October 2016 issued an updated commercial assay of medium-gravity, low-sulfur Mondo crude, part of the Kizomba C development on Block 15, about 90 miles off Angola (OGJ, Mar. 24, 2008, p. 54).
ExxonMobil Corp. unit Esso Exploration Angola (Block 15) Ltd., the field's operator, started oil production from Mondo field Jan. 1, 2008, from the turret-moored Mondo floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel (OGJ, Jan. 21, 2008, p. 8).
Equipped with a storage capacity of 2.14 million bbl and able to accommodate tankers of up to 1 million bbl, Mondo FPSO has a current crude production capacity of about 56,000 b/d, according to Statoil.
Esso Exploration Angola holds 40% interest in Block 15 alongside partners BP Exploration (Angola) Ltd. 26.67%, ENI Angola Exploration BV 20%, and Statoil 13.33%. Angola's state-owned Sonangol serves as concessionaire of the license.
Whole crude
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.894
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 26.8
UOP K factor: 11.8
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.448
Total nitrogen, ppm: 2,906
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 892
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.10
Reid vapor pressure, psi: 4.3
Vis. at 20° C., cst: 40.1
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 17.8
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 12.9
Paraffins, wt %: 30.9
Naphthenes, wt %: 32.4
Aromatics, wt %: 36.7
Pour point, °C.: -63
Wax, wt %: 9.6
C7 asphaltenes, wt %: 2.3
Micro carbon residue, wt %: 6.3
Rams. carbon residue, wt %: 5.2
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 8.4
Nickel, ppm (wt): 29.0
Iron, ppm (wt): 9.2
Methane + ethane, wt %: 0.04
Propane, wt %: 0.36
iso-Butane, wt %: 0.22
n-Butane, wt %: 0.68
iso-Pentane, wt %: 0.56
n-Pentane, wt %: 0.68
Cyclopentane, wt %: 0.11
C6 paraffins, wt %: 1.27
C6 naphthenes, wt %: 0.80
Benzene, wt %: 0.08
C7 paraffins, wt %: 1.12
C7 naphthenes, wt %: 1.52
Toulene, wt %: 0.22
Atmospheric distillation Pentanes to 65° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 2.1
Yield on crude, vol %: 2.9
Cumulative yield, wt %: 3.4
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.645
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 87.8
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.1
RON (clear): 78.6
MON (clear): 77.7
Paraffins, wt %: 94.7
Naphthenes, wt %: 5.3
Hydrogen, wt %: 16.5
65-100° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 3.2
Yield on crude, vol %: 3.9
Cumulative yield, wt %: 6.5
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.718
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 65.4
Sulfur, ppm: 0.002
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.4
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.01
RON (clear): 61.1
MON (clear): 58.4
Paraffins, wt %: 52.5
Naphthenes, wt %: 45.1
Aromatics, wt %: 2.5
Hydrogen, wt %: 15.2
100-150° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 5.7
Yield on crude, vol %: 6.6
Cumulative yield, wt %: 12.2
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.764
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 53.8
UOP K factor: 11.7
Sulfur, ppm: 0.009
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.5
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.05
RON (clear): 60.5
MON (clear): 58.2
Paraffins, wt %: 44.1
Naphthenes, wt %: 40.4
Aromatics, wt %: 15.6
Aniline point, °C.: 49.4
Hydrogen, wt %: 14.1
150-200° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 6.3
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.1
Cumulative yield, wt %: 18.5
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.798
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 45.7
UOP K factor: 11.7
Sulfur, ppm: 0.034
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.6
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.17
Vis. at 20° C., cst: 1.31
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 0.98
RON (clear): 46.2
MON (clear): 43.5
Paraffins, wt %: 36.9
Naphthenes, wt %: 44.7
Aromatics, wt %: 18.4
Freeze point, °C.: -69
Smoke point, mm: 23
Cetane index: 35
Naphthalenes, vol %: 0.1
Aniline point, °C.: 52.0
Hydrogen, wt %: 13.8
200-250° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 7.2
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.7
Cumulative yield, wt %: 25.7
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.832
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 38.5
UOP K factor: 11.6
Sulfur, ppm: 0.073
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.6
Total nitrogen, ppm: 27
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 17.980
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.45
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.69
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 1.45
Pour point, °C.: -59
Cloud point, °C.: -54
Freeze point, °C.: -54
Smoke point, mm: 20
Cetane index: 40
Naphthalenes, vol %: 2.9
Aniline point, °C.: 57.4
Hydrogen, wt %: 13.2
250-300° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 8.3
Yield on crude, vol %: 8.5
Cumulative yield, wt %: 34.0
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.862
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 32.5
UOP K factor: 11.5
Sulfur, ppm: 0.159
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm: 0.5
Total nitrogen, ppm: 73
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 70.014
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.93
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 3.20
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 2.61
Pour point, °C.: -39
Cloud point, °C.: -33
Freeze point, °C.: -32
Smoke point, mm: 15
Cetane index: 44
Naphthalenes, vol %: 8.4
Aniline point, °C.: 61.0
Hydrogen, wt %: 12.6
300-350° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 8.8
Yield on crude, vol %: 8.8
Cumulative yield, wt %: 42.7
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.886
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 28.1
UOP K factor: 11.6
Sulfur, ppm: 0.321
Total nitrogen, ppm: 249
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 155.940
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 2.00
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 7.16
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 5.43
Pour point, °C.: -12
Cloud point, °C.: -7
Cetane index: 49
Naphthalenes, vol %: 13.9
Aniline point, °C.: 65.1
Hydrogen, wt %: 12.2
350-370° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 3.3
Yield on crude, vol %: 3.3
Cumulative yield, wt %: 46.1
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.904
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 25.0
UOP K factor: 11.6
Sulfur, ppm: 0.416
Total nitrogen, ppm: 530
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 264.910
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 2.12
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 16.5
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 11.4
Pour point, °C.: 3
Cetane index: 51
Aniline point, °C.: 69.9
Hydrogen, wt %: 11.9
370° + C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 53.9
Yield on crude, vol %: 49.1
Cumulative yield, wt %: 100.0
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.979
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 13.0
UOP K factor: 11.7
Sulfur, ppm: 0.710
Total nitrogen, ppm: 5,297
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 1,598.900
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.25
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 4,661
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 1,900
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 144.00
Pour point, °C.: 13
Wax, wt %: 13.2
C7 asphaltenes, wt %: 4.3
Micro carbon residue, wt %: 11.6
Rams. carbon residue, wt %: 9.6
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 15.5
Nickel, ppm (wt): 53.8
Iron, ppm (wt): 17.1
Vacuum distillation 370-450°
Yield on crude, wt %: 12.2
Yield on crude, vol %: 11.8
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.923
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 21.7
UOP K factor: 11.6
Sulfur, ppm: 0.468
Total nitrogen, ppm: 1,099
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 443.300
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.96
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 40.4
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 26.0
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 7.05
Pour point, °C.: 19
Aniline point, °C.: 76.7
Hydrogen, wt %: 11.5
Wax, wt %: 17.1
450-500° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 7.6
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.2
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.936
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 19.6
UOP K factor: 11.8
Sulfur, ppm: 0.550
Total nitrogen, ppm: 1,891
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 634.500
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.87
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 112
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 64.5
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 13.2
Pour point, °C.: 32
Aniline point, °C.: 81.2
Hydrogen, wt %: 11.0
Wax, wt %: 17.7
Micro carbon residue, wt %: 0.1
Rams. carbon residue, wt %: 0.2
500-550° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 7.5
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.0
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.952
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 17.0
UOP K factor: 11.8
Sulfur, ppm: 0.630
Total nitrogen, ppm: 2,890
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 932.030
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 1.65
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 384
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 199
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 29.8
Pour point, °C.: 39
Aniline point, °C.: 82.7
Hydrogen, wt %: 10.6
Wax, wt %: 16.6
Micro carbon residue, wt %: 1.5
Rams. carbon residue, wt %: 1.5
550° + C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 26.6
Yield on crude, vol %: 23.1
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 1.029
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 6.0
UOP K factor: 11.6
Sulfur, ppm: 0.900
Total nitrogen, ppm: 8,878
Basic nitrogen, ppm: 2,593.700
Total acid no., mg KOH/g: 0.63
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 20,479
Vis. at 130° C., cst: 2,138
Pour point, °C.: 55
Wax, wt %: 9.1
C7 asphaltenes, wt %: 8.7
Micro carbon residue, wt %: 23.1
Rams. carbon residue, wt %: 19.1
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 31.5
Nickel, ppm (wt): 109.0
Iron, ppm (wt): 34.6