GUIDE TO WORLD CRUDES: Morvin field production prompts update to Aasgard Blend assay

Aasgard field lies on the Halten Bank in the Norwegian Sea, about 124 miles off Norway and 31 miles south of Heidrun. The Aasgard A oil production ship (shown) arrived on the field in early 1999 and became operational by mid May. Photo from Statoil by Øyvind Hagen.

Whole crude

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7864

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7867

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 48.4

Dry oil density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7864

Sulfur, mass %: 0.165

Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3

Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.02

Reid vapor pressure, kPa: 70.9

Pour point, °C.: –21

Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.71

Kinematic viscosity at 40° C., cst: 1.30

Nitrogen, mg/kg: 240

Hydrogen sulfide, mass %: ND¹

Vanadium, mg/kg: 0.9

Nickel, mg/kg: 0.1

Sodium, mg/kg: 1.6

Salt as NaCl, mg/l.: <5

Wax content, mass %: <5.0

Flash point, °C.: <10.0

Water content, mass %: <0.02

Mercury, μg/kg: 17.0

Pentanes to 65° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 7.89

Yield on crude, vol %: 9.46

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.6469

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.6469

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 87.2

Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3

n–Paraffins, mass %: 49.6

i–Paraffins, mass %: 42.1

Naphthenes, mass %: 6.4

Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 1.9

n–Paraffins, vol %: 50.5

i–Paraffins, vol %: 42.7

Naphthenes, vol %: 5.4

Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 1.4

Vapor pressure (DVPE),1 kPa: 103.1

Research octane number: 73.4

Motor octane number: 71.4

Research octane number, ²73.2

Motor octane number, ²71.2

65–90° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 7.43

Yield on crude , vol %: 8.0

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7208

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7210

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 64.8

Sulfur, mass %: <0.001

Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3

n–Paraffins, mass %: 26.6

i–Paraffins, mass %: 24.2

Naphthenes, mass %: 40.6

Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 8.6

Benzene, mass %: 7.8

n–Paraffins, vol %: 28.9

i–Paraffins, vol %: 25.9

Naphthenes, vol %: 38.1

Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 7.0

Benzene, vol %: 6.4

Vapor pressure (DVPE), kPa: 32.4

Research octane number: 66.5

Motor octane number: 64.6

Research octane number: 266.3

Motor octane number: 264.4

Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1

90–150° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 20.87

Yield on crude, vol %: 21.34

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7587

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7589

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 54.9

Sulfur, mass %: <0.001

Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3

n–Paraffins, mass %: 20.8

i–Paraffins, mass %: 21.1

Naphthenes, mass %: 38.2

Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 19.9

Benzene, mass %: 0.4

n–Paraffins, vol %: 22.6

i–Paraffins, vol %: 22.5

Naphthenes, vol %: 37.6

Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 17.4

Benzene, vol %: 0.4

Flash point, °C.: <10

Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1

150–180° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 7.21

Yield on crude , vol %: 7.24

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7833

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7836

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 49.1

Sulfur, mass %: 0.001

Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3

Copper corrosion: 1a

Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01

n–Paraffins, mass %: 21.0

i–Paraffins, mass %: 26.8

Naphthenes, mass %: 28.8

Aromatics, mass %: 23.4

n–Paraffins, vol %: 22.7

i–Paraffins, vol %: 28.2

Naphthenes, vol %: 28.0

Aromatics, vol %: 21.0

Aromatics (HPLC)¹

Total, mass %: 20.1

Mono–aromatics, mass %: 20.0

Di–aromatics, mass %: 0.1

Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1

Naphtalenes, vol %: 0.02

Aniline point, °C: 49.2

Smoke point, mm: 23.0

Flash point, °C.: 40.0

Freezing point, °C.: <–60

Cetane index (D–976): 31.1

Calculated cetane index (D–4737): 35.7

Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.10

Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 0.789

Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1

Distillation D–86 (50%), °C.: 160.4

180–240° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 12.05

Yield on crude, vol %: 11.74

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8069

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8072

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 43.8

Sulfur, mass %: 0.007

Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3

Copper corrosion: 1a

Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01

Aromatics (HPLC)

Total, mass %: 20.8

Mono–aromatics, mass %: 17.1

Di–aromatics, mass %: 3.7

Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1

Naphtalenes, vol %: 2.31

Aniline point, °C.: 60.0

Smoke point, mm: 20.5

Freezing point, °C.: –48.0

Cloud point, °C.: <–48

Cold–filter plugging point, °C.: <–50

Pour point, °C.: <–50

Cetane number: 49.1

Cetane index (D–976): 43.0

Calculated cetane index (D–4737): 44.1

Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.84

Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 1.18

Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1

Distillation D–86 (50%), °C.: 203.0

240–320° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 14.69

Yield on crude, vol %: 13.75

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8401

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8405

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 36.9

Sulfur, mass %: 0.093

Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.01

Aromatics (HPLC)

Total, mass %: 23.8

Mono–aromatics, mass %: 13.7

Di–aromatics, mass %: 9.9

Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 0.2

Aniline point, °C.: 70.5

Cloud point, °C.: –17

Cold–filter plugging point, °C.: –20

Pour point, °C.: –18

Cetane number, 57.2

Cetane index (D–976): 51.1

Calculated cetane index (D–4737): 54.7

Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 4.77

Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 2.48

Nitrogen, mg/kg: 14

Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.001

Distillation D–86 (50%), °C.: 269.7

320–375° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 7.28

Yield on crude, vol %: 6.62

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8644

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8648

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 32.1

Sulfur, mass %: 0.363

Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.02

Aromatics (HPLC)

Total, mass %: 23.6

Mono–aromatics, mass %: 13.3

Di–aromatics, mass %: 7.5

Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 2.8

Aniline point, °C.: 81.8

Watson K–factor: 11.9

Cloud point, °C.: 11

Cold–filter plugging point, °C.: 11

Pour point, °C.: 12

Cetane number: 61.9

Cetane index (D–976): 52.5

Calculated cetane index: 63.5

Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.10

Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 15.3

Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 5.95

Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 2.22

Nitrogen, mg/kg: 200

Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.005

Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.463

Distillation D–86 (50%), °C.: 332.5

375–420° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 4.77

Yield on crude, vol %: 4.25

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8822

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8826

Gravity at 60/60° F, °API: 28.8

Sulfur, mass %: 0.404

Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.02

Aniline point, °C.: 92.7

Watson K–factor: 12.0

Pour point, °C.: 30

Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.10

Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 14.6

Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 4.15

Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1

Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1

Nitrogen, mg/kg: 490

Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.012

Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.473

420–525° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 7.84

Yield on crude, vol %: 6.85

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8996

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9001

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 25.7

Sulfur, mass %: 0.529

Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01

Aniline point, °C.: 99.9

Watson K–factor: 12.0

Pour point, °C.: 42

Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.10

Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 39.0

Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 8.01

Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1

Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1

Nitrogen, mg/kg: 940

Basic nitrogen mass, %: 0.021

Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.484

375+° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 17.87

Yield on crude , vol %: 15.40

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9128

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9133

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 23.4

Sulfur, mass %: 0.664

Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.01

Aniline point, °C.: 96.9

Watson K–factor: 12.0

Pour point, °C.: 45

Conradson carbon residue, mass %: 2.9

Asphaltenes, mass %: <0.50

n–Pentane insolubles, mass %: 1.0

Ash, mass %: <0.001

Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 69.5

Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 11.7

Vanadium, mg/kg: 4.5

Nickel, mg/kg: 0.6

Nitrogen, mg/kg: 1,220

Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.033

Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.506

525+° C.

Yield on crude, mass %: 5.26

Yield on crude , vol %: 4.30

Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 30.9630

Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9636

Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 15.3

Sulfur, mass %: 1.101

Aniline point, °C.: 100.9

Watson K–factor: 11.8

Pour point, °C.: 27

Conradson carbon residue, mass %: 9.8

Asphaltenes, mass %: 0.62

n–Pentane insolubles, mass %: 4.1

Ash, mass %: 0.015

Kinematic viscosity at 80° C., cst: 284

Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 108

Vanadium, mg/kg: 17

Nickel, mg/kg: 1.9

Nitrogen, mg/kg: 2,460

Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.074

Penetration at 25° C., 0.1 mm: >315

Composition, mass %4

Normal parraffins

Methane: <0.01

Ethane: 0.02

Propane: 0.59

Butane: 2.59

Pentane: 2.93

Hexane: 2.47

Heptane: 2.14

Octane: 1.88

Nonane: 1.50

Total n–paraffins: 14.13

C₄ hydrocarbons

i–Butane: 0.76

C₅ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins

2,2–Dimethylpropane: 0.01

i–Pentane: 2.13

Total C5 i–paraffins: 2.14

Naphthenes

Cyclopentane: 0.28

C₆ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins

2,2–Dimethylbutane: 0.06

2,3–Dimethylbutane: 0.19

2–Methylpentane: 1.38

3–Methylpentane: 0.82

Total C6 i–paraffins: 2.45

Naththenes

Methylcyclopentane: 1.30

Cyclohexane: 1.90

Total C₆ naphthenes: 3.20

Aromatics

Benzene: 0.84

C₇ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins

2,2,3–Trimethylbutane: 0.01

3,3–Dimethylpentane: 0.02

2,4–Dimethylpentane: 0.10

2–Methylhexane: 0.69

2,3–Dimethylpentane: 0.21

3–Methylhexane: 0.76

2,2–Dimethylpentane: 0.04

Total C7 i–paraffins: 1.83

Naphthenes

cis–1,3–Dimethylcyclopentane : 0.26

trans–1,3–Dimethylcyclopentane : 0.25

trans–1,2–Dimethylcyclopentane : 0.49

Methylcyclohexane : 3.02

Ethylcyclopentane : 0.18

1,1–Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.14

Total C₇ naphthenes: 4.33

Aromatics

Toluene: 2.04

C₈ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins

2,5–Dimethylhexane: 0.10

2,4–Dimethylhexane: 0.11

3,3–Dimethylhexane: 0.03

2,3–Dimethylhexane: 0.10

2–Methyl 3–ethylpentane: 0.02

2–Methylheptane: 0.75

4–Methylheptane: 0.24

2,3,4–Trimethylpentane: 0.02

Total C8 isoparaffins: 1.35

Naphthenes

1,1,3–Trimethylcyclopentane

(incl. 2,2–dimethylhexane): 0.14

trans, cis–1,2,4–Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.13

trans,cis–1,2,3–Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.13

1,1–Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.08

trans–1–Methyl–3–ethylcyclopentane: 0.06

cic–1–Methyl–3–ethylcyclopentane: 0.06

trans–1–Methyl–2–ethylcyclopentane: 0.12

trans–1,2–Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.26

Isopropylcyclopentane: 0.02

cis–1,2–Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.09

Ethylcyclohexane (incl. n–proplycyclopentane): 0.66

1–Methyl–1–ethylcyclopentane: 0.02

1,1,2,–Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.03

Unidentified C₈ naphthenes: 1.25

Total C₈ naphthenes: 3.04

Aromatics

Ethylbenzene: 0.36

m–Dimethylbenzene (m–xylene): 1.02

p–Dimethylbenzene (p–xylene): 0.26

o–Dimethylbenzene (o–xylene): 0.42

Total C₈ aromatics: 2.09

C₉ hydrocarbons

Isoparaffins

3,5–Dimethylheptane: 0.22

4–Methyloctane: 0.20

2–Methyloctane: 0.30

3–Methyloctane: 0.32

2,3–Dimethylheptane: 0.16

3,4–Dimethylheptane: 0.08

4–Ethylheptane: 0.04

2,3,4–Trimethylhexane: <0.01

Total C9 i–paraffins: 1.32

Naphthenes

1,1,3–Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.32

1,1,4–Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.11

Unidentified C₉ naphthenes: 0.56

Total C₉ naphthenes: 0.99

Total identified: 40.8081
Total unidentified: 0.4544

Total C₁₀+: 58.7375

¹ND= not detectable; HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography; DVPE = dry vapor pressure equivalent. ²Corrected in accordance with EN 228. ³Calculated density for 525°+ fraction. ⁴ASTM D–5134.