GUIDE TO WORLD CRUDES: Norwegian Skarv Blend assayed
BP Oil International Ltd., a subsidiary of BP PLC, published an assay for Skarv Blend crude oil based on a sample taken Apr. 27, 2016.
BP Norge AS began production from Skarv oil and gas field on Dec. 31, 2012, from four reservoirs (Skarv A, BC, Idun, and Tilje) in 350-450 m of water on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, 210 km off Sandnessjoen, Norway, between Norne field, 35 km to the north, and Heidrun, 45 km to the south (OGJ Online, Jan. 4, 2013).
The development includes a 295-m long, 51-m wide floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel that produces medium 43.3° gravity, low-sulfur (0.205 wt %) oil and rich gas from 15 operating production and injection wells drilled through five subsea templates.
With an oil storage capacity of 875,000 b/d and oil and gas production capacities of 85,000 b/d and 22 million cu m/day respectively, the Skarv FPSO currently produces about 55,000 b/d of oil and 13.4 million cu m/day of gas liquids.
Skarv had an estimated ultimate recovery of around 100 million bbl of oil and condensate and more than 1.5 tcf (42.5 billion cu m) of rich gas upon its discovery in 1998, and by yearend 2015 had exported about 55 million bbl of oil and 406 bcf of gas since startup.
Aker BP ASA Norge, which took ownership of BP Norge on Dec. 1, 2016, operates and holds a 23.84% interest in Skarv. Other interests are held by Statoil ASA 36.16%, DEA Norge AS 28.08%, and PGNiG Norway AS 11.92%.
Aker BP is considering using tie-ins to the Skarv FPSO to further develop its nearby Snadd North discovery, which holds about 200 MMboe of recoverable gas. If approved, a plan for development and production of the Snadd North concept will be ready by yearend 2017, with production to start sometime in 2020.
Whole crude
API gravity at 60/60° F.: 43.3
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8091
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.205
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 3
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 370.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 116
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.003
Vis. at 20° C., cst: 2.752
Vis. at 30° C., cst: 2.229
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.956
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 1.691
Pour point, °C.: -33
Wax, wt %: 5.0
Carbon residue, wt %: 0.80
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.1
Vanadium, ppm (wt): < 2
Nickel, ppm (wt): < 2
Iron, ppm (wt): < 1
Ethane, wt %: 0.02
Propane, wt %: 0.38
Isobutane, wt %: 0.34
n-Butane, wt %: 1.35
Isopentane, wt %: 1.24
n-Pentane, wt %: 1.88
Cyclopentane, wt %: 0.16
C6 paraffins, wt %: 3.66
C6 naphthenes, wt %: 2.40
Benzene, wt %: 0.72
Light naphtha, C5 to 95° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 12.55
Yield on crude, vol %: 14.55
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.6923
Total sulfur, wt %: < 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 2
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.006
Paraffins, wt %: 66.76
Naphthenes, wt %: 27.49
Aromatics, wt %: 5.75
n-Paraffins, wt %: 29.91
Research octane no.: 70
Heavy naphtha, 95-149° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 18.15
Yield on crude, vol %: 19.15
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7641
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 2
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.009
Paraffins, wt %: 42.85
Naphthenes, wt %: 34.13
Aromatics, wt %: 23.02
n-Paraffins, wt %: 18.33
Research octane no.: 64
149-175° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 6.85
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.10
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7769
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.002
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 2
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 0.1
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.010
Paraffins, wt %: 54.74
Naphthenes, wt %: 26.54
Aromatics, wt %: 18.72
n-Paraffins, wt %: 30.03
Research octane no.: -13
Kerosine, 175-232° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 11.60
Yield on crude, vol %: 11.60
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8050
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.006
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 2
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 0.5
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.011
Vis. at 40° C., cst: 1.338
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 1.035
Smoke point, mm: 22.6
Aromatics, vol %: 19.4
Naphthalenes, wt %: 1.89
Freezing point, °C.: -51.5
Cetane index (ASTM D4737-90): 44.2
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4296
Light gas oil, 232-342° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 21.10
Yield on crude, vol %: 20.10
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8466
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.135
Mercaptan sulfur, ppm (wt): 3
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 28.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 21
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.010
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 2.831
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 1.327
Aromatics, wt %: 27.20
Smoke point, mm: 17.0
Aromatics, vol %: 23.7
Naphthalenes, wt %: 9.00
Pour point, °C.: -18
Cloud point, °C.: -14
Freezing point, °C.: -11.0
Cetane index (ASTM D4737-90): 53.0
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4509
Wax, wt %: 3.9
Heavy gas oil, 342-369° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 4.00
Yield on crude, vol %: 3.70
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8732
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.414
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 210.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 90
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.010
Vis. at 50° C., cst: 7.392
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 2.620
Pour point, °C.: 15
Cloud point, °C.: 14
Cetane index (ASTM D4737-90): 63.8
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4644
Aniline point, °C.: 82.4
Wax, wt %: 14.8
Light vacuum gas oil, 369-509° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 15.55
Yield on crude, vol %: 13.95
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8982
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.472
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 700.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 245
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.010
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 18.540
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 6.210
Pour point, °C.: 33
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4781
Aniline point, °C.: 93.3
Wax, wt %: 16.2
Carbon residue, wt %: 0.03
Heavy vacuum gas oil, 509-550° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 2.60
Yield on crude, vol %: 2.25
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9316
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.758
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1,700.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 485
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.020
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 148.800
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 26.410
Refractive index at 70° C.: 1.4978
Aniline point, °C.: 102.9
Wax, wt %: 14.7
Carbon residue, wt %: 1.20
550-585° C.
Yield on crude, wt %: 1.70
Yield on crude, vol %: 1.40
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9499
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.916
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 2,300.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 640
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.020
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 397.200
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 55.290
Aniline point, °C.: 105.2
Wax, wt %: 13.7
Carbon residue, wt %: 3.62
Atmospheric residue (369°-FBP)
Yield on crude, wt %: 23.65
Yield on crude, vol %: 20.70
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9213
Total sulfur, wt %: 0.670
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1,500.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 458
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.020
Vis. at 60° C., cst: 50.940
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 13.130
Vis. at 120° C., cst: 8.163
Pour point, °C.: 39
Wax, wt %: 14.6
Carbon residue, wt %: 3.56
Asphaltenes, wt %: 0.4
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 4
Nickel, ppm (wt): < 2
Iron, ppm (wt): < 1
Vacuum residue, 509°-FBP
Yield on crude, wt %: 8.10
Yield on crude, vol %: 6.75
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9692
Total sulfur, wt %: 1.050
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 3,000.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 868
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.020
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 119.500
Vis. at 120° C., cst: 54.73
Vis. at 150° C., cst: 22.23
Pour point, °C.: 33
Wax, wt %: 11.5
Carbon residue, wt %: 10.30
Asphaltenes, wt %: 1.1
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 10
Nickel, ppm (wt): 3
Iron, ppm (wt): 3
550°-FBP
Yield on crude, wt %: 5.50
Yield on crude, vol %: 4.50
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9882
Total sulfur, wt %: 1.190
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 3,700.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1,050
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.020
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 307.900
Vis. at 120° C., cst: 122.600
Vis. at 150° C., cst: 42.50
Pour point, °C.: 36
Wax, wt %: 10
Carbon residue, wt %: 14.70
Asphaltenes, wt %: 1.6
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 15
Nickel, ppm (wt): 5
Iron, ppm (wt): 4
585°-FBP
Yield on crude, wt %: 3.85
Yield on crude, vol %: 3.05
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 1.0060
Total sulfur, wt %: 1.310
Total nitrogen, ppm (wt): 4,300.0
Basic nitrogen, ppm (wt): 1,230
Acidity, mg KOH/g: 0.020
Vis. at 100° C., cst: 1,431.000
Vis. at 120° C., cst: 451.000
Vis. at 150° C., cst: 119.90
Pour point, °C.: 39
Wax, wt %: 8.3
Carbon residue, wt %: 19.50
Asphaltenes, wt %: 2.1
Vanadium, ppm (wt): 21
Nickel, ppm (wt): 7
Iron, ppm (wt): 6
