GUIDE TO WORLD CRUDES: Statoil publishes Aasgard Blend assay
Aasgard field lies on the Halten Bank, about 200 km off mid-Norway and 50 km south of Heidrun field (map).
The field consists of Midgard, Smorbukk, and Smorbukk South discoveries. Midgard straddles Blocks 6507/11 and 6407/2, while the two other deposits lie in Block 6506/11.
Statoil reports that Aasgard ranks among the largest developments on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, embracing a total of 52 wells drilled through 16 seabed templates.
Legend: 1ND = not detectable; HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography; DVPE = dry vapor pressure equivalent. 2Corrected in accordance with EN 228. 3Calculated density for 525+ fraction. |
Saga Petroleum discovered Midgard in 1981, with Statoil finding Smorbukk and Smorbukk South in 1984 and 1985, respectively. The two companies unitized the three fields into a single production license in 1995, with Statoil as operator.
On Feb. 8, 1999, the Aasgard A oil production ship arrived on the field and became operational on May 19. Gas production from the semi-submersible Aasgard B platform began on Oct. 1, 2000.
The overall Aasgard development consists of:
• Development of the field.
• Aasgard transport gas pipeline from the field to processing at Karsto north of Stavanger.
• Karsto expansion.
• Europipe II gas trunkline from Karsto to Dornum on the German coast.
Crude oil, condensate, and natural gas are produced from Aasgard. Crude and condensate form Aasgard Blend, a light oil.
Average production of 200,000 b/d is pumped from storage tanks into shuttle tankers, which sail between the fields and the different refineries.
Gas from Aasgard flows through Aasgard transport to Karsto processing, which separates heavier components—ethane, propane, butane, and naphthas. Dry gas is piped to continental Europe.
The Aasgard development links the Halten Bank area to Norway's gas transport system in the North Sea.
Whole crude
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7928
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7931
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 46.9
Dry oil density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7928
Sulfur, mass %: 0.188
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01
Reid vapor pressure, kPa: 65.7
Pour point, °C.: –33
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.98
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 1.42
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 300
Hydrogen sulfide, mass %: ND1
Vanadium, mg/kg: 1.0
Nickel, mg/kg: 0.1
Sodium, mg/kg: 1.3
Salt as NaCl, mg/l.: 5.5
Wax content, mass %: <5
Flash point, °C.: <10
Water content, mass %: <0.02
Mercury, μg/kg: 31
Pentanes to 65° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 7.24
Yield on crude, vol %: 8.74
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.6463
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.6463
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 87.4
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 48.1
i-Paraffins, mass %: 44.1
Naphthenes, mass %: 6.1
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 1.7
n-Paraffins, vol %: 49.0
i-Paraffins, vol %: 44.6
Naphthenes, vol %: 5.1
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 1.3
Vapor pressure (DVPE), kPa: 107.8
Research octane number: 75.4
Motor octane number: 73.0
Research octane number, 275.2
Motor octane number, 272.8
65-90° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 6.96
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.54
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7206
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7208
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 64.8
Sulfur, mass %: <0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 26.3
i-Paraffins, mass %: 25.7
Naphthenes, mass %: 39.9
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 8.2
Benzene, mass %: 6.9
n-Paraffins, vol %: 28.5
i-Paraffins, vol %: 27.4
Naphthenes, vol %: 37.5
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 6.7
Benzene, vol %: 5.6
Vapor pressure (DVPE), kPa: 33.1
Research octane number: 67.5
Motor octane number: 65.6
Research octane number: 267.3
Motor octane number: 265.4
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
90-150° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 20.04
Yield on crude, vol %: 20.58
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7601
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7603
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 54.6
Sulfur, mass %: <0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
n-Paraffins, mass %: 20.0
i-Paraffins, mass %: 21.1
Naphthenes, mass %: 37.8
Aromatics (incl. benzene), mass %: 21.1
Benzene, mass %: 0.5
n-Paraffins, vol %: 21.8
i-Paraffins, vol %: 22.5
Naphthenes, vol %: 37.2
Aromatics (incl. benzene), vol %: 18.4
Benzene, vol %: 0.4
Flash point, °C.: <10
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
150-180° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 7.37
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.46
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.7839
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.7842
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 48.9
Sulfur, mass %: 0.001
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Copper corrosion: 1a
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01
n-Paraffins, mass %: 21.2
i-Paraffins, mass %: 25.1
Naphthenes, mass %: 29.3
Aromatics, mass %: 24.4
n-Paraffins, vol %: 23.0
i-Paraffins, vol %: 26.4
Naphthenes, vol %: 28.6
Aromatics, vol %: 22.0
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 22.0
Monoaromatics, mass %: 22.0
Diaromatics, mass %: <0.1
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphthalenes, vol %: 0.03
Aniline point, °C.: 49.9
Smoke point, mm: 23.0
Flash point, °C.: 40.0
Freezing point, °C.: <–60
Cetane index (D-976): 30.7
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 35.4
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.08
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 0.76
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 160.1
180-240° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 12.04
Yield on crude, vol %: 11.83
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8072
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8075
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 43.7
Sulfur, mass %: 0.011
Mercaptan sulfur, mg/kg: <3
Copper corrosion: 1a
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 20.7
Monoaromatics, mass %: 16.9
Diaromatics, mass %: 3.8
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: <0.1
Naphthalenes, vol %: 2.46
Aniline point, °C.: 59.5
Smoke point, mm: 22.0
Freezing point, °C.: –50.0
Cloud point, °C.: <–51
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: <–50
Pour point, °C.: <–48
Cetane number: 48.4
Cetane index (D-976): 43.4
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 44.1
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 1.83
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 1.17
Nitrogen, mg/kg: <1
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 204.3
240-320° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 15.21
Yield on crude, vol %: 14.35
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8405
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8409
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 36.8
Sulfur, mass %: 0.099
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 24.3
Monoaromatics, mass %: 13.5
Diaromatics, mass %: 10.5
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 0.3
Aniline point, °C.: 71.8
Cloud point, °C.: –17
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: –19
Pour point, °C.: –15
Cetane number, 56.5
Cetane index (D-976): 51.1
Calculated cetane index (D-4737): 54.8
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 4.80
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 2.47
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 12
Basic nitrogen, mass %: <0.001
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 270.4
320-375° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 7.52
Yield on crude, vol %: 6.89
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8650
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8654
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 32.0
Sulfur, mass %: 0.370
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.02
Aromatics (HPLC)
Total, mass %: 24.2
Monoaromatics, mass %: 13.3
Diaromatics, mass %: 7.9
Polycyclic aromatics, mass %: 3.0
Aniline point, °C.: 83.7
Watson K-factor: 11.9
Cloud point, °C.: 11
Cold-filter plugging point, °C.: 11
Pour point, °C.: 12
Cetane number: 61.1
Cetane index (D-976): 52.6
Calculated cetane index: 65.2
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.10
Kinematic viscosity at 20° C., cst: 15.6
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 6.15
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 2.24
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 183
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.005
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.464
Distillation D-86 (50%), °C.: 335.2
375-420° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 5.01
Yield on crude, vol %: 4.50
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.8824
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.8828
Gravity at 60/60° F, °API: 28.8
Sulfur, mass %: 0.417
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.01
Aniline point, °C.: 93.0
Watson K-factor: 12.0
Pour point, °C.: 30
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.10
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 14.8
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 4.62
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 430
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.012
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.473
420-525° C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 8.50
Yield on crude, vol %: 7.48
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9014
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9019
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 25.4
Sulfur, mass %: 0.567
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: <0.01
Aniline point, °C.: 98.0
Watson K-factor: 12.0
Pour point, °C.: 39
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: <0.10
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 40.0
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 8.25
Vanadium, mg/kg: <0.1
Nickel, mg/kg: <0.1
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 890
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.021
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.484
375°+ C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 19.66
Yield on crude, vol %: 17.01
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 0.9167
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9172
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 22.8
Sulfur, mass %: 0.740
Total acid number, mg KOH/g: 0.02
Aniline point, °C.: 96.5
Watson K-factor: 12.0
Pour point, °C.: 42
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: 3.46
Asphaltenes, mass %: <0.50
n-Pentane insolubles, mass %: 0.6
Ash, mass %: 0.017
Kinematic viscosity at 50° C., cst: 79.7
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 13.1
Vanadium, mg/kg: 6.0
Nickel, mg/kg: 0.5
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 1,470
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.034
Penetration at 25° C., mm: 0.1
Refractive index at 67° C.: 1.501
525°+ C.
Yield on crude, mass %: 6.15
Yield on crude, vol %: 5.03
Density at 15° C., kg/l.: 30.9688
Specific gravity at 60/60° F.: 0.9694
Gravity at 60/60° F., °API: 14.5
Sulfur, mass %: 1.193
Aniline point, °C.: 99.5
Watson K-factor: 11.7
Pour point, °C.: 33
Conradson carbon residue, mass %: 11.0
Asphaltenes, mass %: 0.90
n-Pentane insolubles, mass %: 3.3
Ash, mass %: 0.026
Kinematic viscosity at 80° C., cst: 395
Kinematic viscosity at 100° C., cst: 136
Vanadium, mg/kg: 21
Nickel, mg/kg: 1.6
Nitrogen, mg/kg: 3,190
Basic nitrogen, mass %: 0.073
Penetration at 25° C., mm: >300
Composition, mass %
Normal paraffins
Methane: <0.01
Ethane: 0.03
Propane: 0.59
Butane: 2.43
Pentane: 2.71
Hexane: 2.27
Heptane: 1.97
Octane: 1.74
Nonane: 1.34
Total n-paraffins: 13.07
C4 hydrocarbons
i-Butane: 0.74
C5 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2-Dimethylpropane: 0.01
i-Pentane: 1.98
Total C5 i-paraffins: 2.00
Naphthenes
Cyclopentane: 0.24
C6 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2-Dimethylbutane: 0.06
2,3-Dimethylbutane: 0.18
2-Methylpentane: 1.28
3-Methylpentane: 0.75
Total C6 i-paraffins: 2.27
Naphthenes
Methylcyclopentane
(incl. 2,2-Dimethylpentane): 1.23Cyclohexane: 1.75
Total C6 naphthenes: 2.98
Aromatics
Benzene: 0.78
C7 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane: 0.01
3,3-Dimethylpentane: 0.02
2,4-Dimethylpentane: 0.09
2-Methylhexane: 0.65
2,3-Dimethylpentane: 0.17
3-Methylhexane: 0.69
Total C7 i-paraffins: 1.64
Naphthenes
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.24
trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.22
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.43
Methylcyclohexane: 2.85
Ethylcyclopentane: 0.15
1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane: 0.12
Total C7 naphthenes: 4.02
Aromatics
Toluene: 2.01
C8 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane: <0.01
2,5-Dimethylhexane: 0.09
2,4-Dimethylhexane: 0.09
3,4-Dimethylhexane: 0.02
3,3-Dimethylhexane: 0.02
2,3-Dimethylhexane
(incl. naphthenic compound): 0.112-Methyl-3-ethylpentane: 0.02
2-Methylheptane: 0.67
4-Methylheptane: 0.19
3-Methylheptane: 0.38
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane: 0.01
Total C8 isoparaffins: 1.61
Naphthenes
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane
(incl. 2,2-Dimethylhexane): 0.12trans, cis-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.12
trans,cis-1,2,3-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.11
trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.20
1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.07
trans-1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane: 0.04
cis-1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclopentane: 0.04
trans-1-Methyl-2-ethylcyclopentane: 0.10
trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.23
2-Propylcyclopentane: 0.02
cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane: 0.12
Ethylcyclohexane: 0.87
1-Propylcyclopentane: <0.01
cis,cis-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane: 0.02
1-Methyl-1-ethylcyclopentane: 0.01
cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane
(incl. naphthenic compound): 0.54Total C8 naphthenes: 2.62
Aromatics
Ethylbenzene: 0.38
m-Dimethylbenzene (m-xylene): 1.06
p-Dimethylbenzene (p-xylene): 0.35
o-Dimethylbenzene (o-xylene): 0.44
Total C8 aromatics: 2.23
C9 hydrocarbons
Isoparaffins
3,5-Dimethylheptane: 0.18
4-Methyloctane: 0.17
2-Methyloctane: 0.25
3-Methyloctane: 0.30
2,3,4-Trimethylhexane: <0.01
Unidentified paraffin: 0.08
Total C9 i-paraffins: 0.99
Naphthenes
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.18
1-Methyl-2-propylcyclopentane: 0.08
1-Methyl-3-ethylcyclohexane: 0.19
1-Methyl-4-ethylcyclohexane: 0.11
1,1,4-Trimethylcyclohexane: 0.08
Unidentified Naphthenes: 0.06
Total C9 naphthenes: 0.71
Total identified: 37.90
Total unidentified: 0.18
Total C10+: 61.92
Editor's note: Statoil's assay report contained the following: "A commercial assay was carried out on a representative sample of the crude. The contents of this report are for guidance only and Statoil accepts no responsibility for any errors that it may contain."
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