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    EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO-3: New assessment offered for W. Florida shelf, slope

    Feb. 4, 2002
    This assessment takes into account new views on the depositional history and the petroleum habitat of the West Florida shelf and slope and attempts to strike a balance between a liberal and a conservative appraisal approach.
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    This assessment takes into account new views on the depositional history and the petroleum habitat of the West Florida shelf and slope and attempts to strike a balance between a liberal and a conservative appraisal approach.

    The assessment is based on established or suggested depositional trends in the same petroleum system and on extrapolation of reservoir and petroleum charge-retention parameters from close reference fields.

    The published structural information on the offshore territory is limited, not cohesive, and not detailed enough that it could be used consistently in this assessment. Therefore, structural trap analogies are applied here in a general manner to the extent that they can be made with a fair degree of confidence. Stratigraphic traps are taken into consideration.

    To reflect the importance given here to the presence of a thermally mature, rich, and thick petroleum-generating source rock, that parameter is rated higher than the other assessment parameters. The here-determined amounts of petroleum resources are not risk-weighted. Their chance of discovery is simply rated as "probable" and "possible."

    The first and second parts of this series of articles addressed the depositional history (OGJ, Jan. 21, 2002, p. 26) and petroleum habitat (OGJ, Jan. 28, 2002, p. 48) of the West Florida shelf and slope.

    North-Central province

    On the northern West Florida shelf in OCS waters, the already discovered Destin Dome Block 56 field off Pensacola contains recoverable reserves of 2.6 tcf of dry gas in the Norphlet play.37

    In addition, the segment from the offshore projected Florida-Alabama state line to the longitude of Fort Walton Beach (Fig. 1) yields in state and OCS waters probably another undiscovered, recoverable dry gas resource of 8 tcf in the Norphlet play. That estimate takes into account:

    • The Mobile Bay region's 10.5 tcf of discovered dry gas.36
    • Destin Dome Block 56 field's gas reserves.
    • The special depositional setting of Norphlet reservoirs.
    • The presence of a regional, high-quality Smackover petroleum source rock.
    • Trapping possibilities.
    • The size of the undrilled territory.

    When considering the lack of discovery of commercial petroleum accumulations in the Smackover play, apparently due to the absence of effective porosity development, anywhere on the well-explored shelf off Alabarna and off the western Florida Panhandle, there remains the possibility of discovering only up to 0.5 tcf of recoverable dry gas in the Smackover play.

    From the longitude of Fort Walton Beach to east of Apalachicola (Fig. 1), recoverable gas-condensate and light to medium-grade oil resources of 800 million bbl with 1.5 tcf of associated gas can probably exist in the Norphlet play in state and OCS waters. That estimate is based on:

    • The regional offshore eastward shallowing of the Norphlet formation.
    • The analogy to the onshore Jay-Flomaton trend in the north where petroleum is being produced from Norphlet-Smackover petroleum system from a comparable depth.
    • The gas-condensate and oil shows in the Norphlet play in four wells in that area.
    • The oil show in the Norphlet play onshore in one well.
    • The potential thickness and favorable reservoir properties of Norphlet reservoirs.

    The chance of discovering recoverable gas-condensate and light to medium-grade oil resources in the conventional Smackover play is low and will possibly not exceed 50 million bbl, with 0.15 tcf of associated gas, even when considering the occurrence of oil shows in the Smackover formation in two onshore wells.

    Two seismic anomalies mapped south of Apalachicola in state waters and interpreted to represent Smackover biogenetic mounds51 require drilling to confirm their existence and effective porosity. Several similar anomalies apparently occur in the vicinity (B. Faulkner, written communication).

    It is possible that recoverable resources of additional 100 million bbl of light to medium-grade oil with 0.25 tcf of associated gas can be discovered in the eastern segment of the northern West Florida shelf in such stratigraphic Smackover traps.

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    In OCS waters on the outer portion of the central West Florida shelf and slope off Tampa (Fig. 1), there exists a never-before considered region, so far only vaguely defined by seismic, that is geologically contiguous with the northern West Florida shelf. That territory was not included in the MMS assessment of the OCS.1

    The potential distribution of favorable eolian Norphlet sandstone across that large region can make the outer central West Florida shelf and slope more attractive to future petroleum exploration off Florida than the northern West Florida shelf. The same assessment parameters used for the northern West Florida shelf have been applied to the central West Florida shelf and slope.

    Recoverable Norphlet petroleum resources on the outer central West Florida shelf and slope can reach probably 400 million bbl of gas-condensate or light to medium-grade oil with 0.75 tcf of associated gas and 22 tcf of dry gas. Conventional recoverable Smackover petroleum resources in these waters can possibly amount to 100 million bbl of gas-condensate or light to medium-grade oil, with 0.25 tcf of associated gas, and 1.5 tcf of dry gas.

    The stratigraphic Smackover play can yield possibly additional recoverable resources of 100 million bbl of gas- condensate or light to medium-grade oil, with 0.25 tcf of associated gas. There exists no known petroleum source on the central West Florida shelf within 100 miles from the Florida Peninsula coast.

    The northern West Florida shelf can contain in state and OCS waters probably 800 million bbl of recoverable gas-condensate and light to medium-grade oil resources and 9.5 tcf of recoverable gas resources, and possibly 150 million bbl of recoverable gas-condensate and light to medium-grade oil resources and 0.9 tcf of recoverable gas resources.

    The central West Florida shelf and slope can yield probably 400 million bbl of recoverable gas-condensate and light to medium-grade oil resources and 22.75 tcf of recoverable gas resources and possibly 200 million bbl of recoverable gas-condensate and light to medium-grade oil resources and 2 tcf of recoverable gas resources.

    In total, the North-Central petroleum province can hold in state and OCS waters undiscovered recoverable gas-condensate and light to medium-grade oil resources of 1.2-1.55 billion bbl and undiscovered recoverable gas resources of 32.25-35.15 tcf.

    Southern petroleum province

    On land, the oil-producing Sunniland trend owes its existence to an optimal petroleum source development close to Sunniland reservoirs of bioclastic buildup, with improved effective porosity due to leaching and partly due to dolomitization. It will require a considerable exploration effort to locate the same combination of effective reservoir, optimal mature oil source, and stratigraphic-structural trapping on the southern West Florida shelf. Encouraging shows of oil and gas were encountered on land at five additional levels.

    South of the latitude of Charlotte Harbor, a regional seismic survey across OCS of the southern West Florida shelf5 revealed the presence of numerous large structural closures from Dollar Bay to Bone Island level. The structural anomalies are thought to be carbonate buildups. Their vertical relief reaches 400 ft (B. Faulkner, written communication).

    The geologic section beneath the southern West Florida shelf can contain multiple plays that yield possibly gas or gas-condensate and probably medium to heavy-grade oil (Fig. 1).

    The Sunniland play is considered to be the primary offshore exploration target in state and OCS waters. The Dollar Bay play represents a secondary exploration target.

    Brown Dolomite and upper Pumpkin Bay plays are encouraging exploration targets on the OCS. Uncertainties exist, however, about regional reservoir development in the upper Pumpkin Bay play, about the regional extent of effective porosity in the Brown Dolomite play, and about its petroleum charge. The two plays are considered to have greater potential offshore than onshore.2 4

    The Brown Dolomite play is ranked here as a probable play and tertiary exploration target and the upper Pumpkin Bay play as a possible play.

    The existence of a Lake Trafford play offshore is uncertain. It cannot be excluded that gas and gas-condensate resources exist on the southern Florida shelf in state and OCS waters in a not yet assessable Wood River play.

    Recoverable medium-grade oil resources of 100 million bbl can possibly be attributed to the upper Pumpkin Bay play, even if the current knowledge of the extent of its reservoir and petroleum source, and of its trap development, is limited.

    Lacking access to the mapping of structures on the OCS,5 analogies have to be drawn from the petroleum habitat on the buried Sarasota arch, the Florida Peninsula, and the Florida Keys. They suggest that the Brown Dolomite play can contain offshore probably recoverable resources of 300 million bbl of medium-grade oil, the Sunniland play probably 550 million bbl of medium-grade oil, and the Dollar Bay play probably 350 million bbl of heavy to medium-grade oil.

    The volume of associated gas is difficult to predict because of the uncertain GOR. Any offshore oil fields will definitely contain more gas-saturated oil than onshore.

    In total, the Southern petroleum province can hold in state and OCS waters undiscovered, recoverable medium to heavy-grade oil resources of 1.2-1.3 billion bbl, with undetermined amounts of gas.

    Acknowledgments

    The author appreciates the following for pre-submission reviews: B.M. Faulkner, consultant, and R.M. Mink, Geological Survey of Alabama, each an expert on a separate segment of the study area. J.M. Lloyd and W. Schmidt, Florida Geological Survey; W.G. Frost, formerly Mobil Oil; and Gary Goeke and several others at the MMS helped with information.

    The author

    Klaus H. Gohrbandt ([email protected]) is a retired geologist living in Gulf Breeze, Fla. He held assignments with increasing responsibilities in oil and gas exploration with Mobil Oil in Austria and Libya in 1957-70, Deminex in Germany and Nigeria in 1970-75, OMV in Austria in 1975-81, and Gulf-Chevron Overseas in the US in 1981-95. He has a PhD degree in geology from the University of Vienna.

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