P. 9 ~ Continued - Methane in Pennsylvania water wells unrelated to Marcellus shale fracturing
Displaying 9/10
View Article as Single page
Acknowledgments
We thank Cabot Oil & Gas Corp. for permission to publish, as well as GSI Environmental Inc. for financial support of staff participation. Thanks to Dr. Emily C. Mercurio for LiDAR and National Hydrography Dataset manipulation and mapping. We appreciate the insightful suggestions and comments of the numerous GSI and Cabot reviewers that greatly improved the article. The LiDAR bare-earth Digital Elevation Model used in the study had 3-ft pixel resolution and was a proprietary data set. Horizontal accuracy of the LiDAR point cloud (from which the bare-earth DEM was generated) is 45 cm and vertical accuracy is 30 cm. Gray areas on Figs. 6, 7, and 9 representing the δ13C and δ2H values of methane of microbial and thermogenic origin are based on plots and data presented in Coleman et al., 1993, and Schoell, 1980.
References
1. Osborn, S.G., Vengosh, A., Warner, N.R., and Jackson, R.B., "Methane Contamination of Drinking Water Accompanying Gas-Well Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing," proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, 2011, pp. 8,172-76.
2. Bell Bros. Well Drilling, Creswell Drilling, Beavers Well Drilling, Karp & Sons Drilling, JIMCON Drilling, Drake Drilling, personnel communication, 2010.
3. Mathes, M.V., and White, J.S., "Methane in West Virginia Ground Water," January 2006, USGS Factsheet 2006-3011.
4. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, customized WIS query request, Topographic and Geological Survey, Oct. 27, 2011.
5. Boyer, E.W., Swistock, B.R., Clark, J., Madden, M., and Rizzo, D.E., "The Impact of Marcellus Gas Drilling on Rural Drinking Water Supplies," The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, October 2011.
6. International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), International Stratigraphy Chart, available online (http://www.stratigraphy.org/ics%20chart/09_2010/StratChart2010.pdf), accessed October 2011.
7. Aber, James S., "Upland Glacial Stratigraphy in the Binghamton-Montrose region of New York and Pennsylvania," MS thesis, University of Kansas, 1974, 58 pp.
8. Sevon, W.D., Crowl, G.H., and Berg, T.M., "The Late Wisconsinan Drift Border in Northeastern Pennsylvania," 40th Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, Harrisburg, Pa., 1975, 108 pp.
9. Inners, J.D., and Fleeger, G.M., "From Tunkhannock to Starrucca: bluestone, glacial lakes, and great bridges in the 'Endless Mountains' of northeastern Pennsylvania," Guidebook, 67th Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Tunkhannock, Pa., 2002 edition, 145 pp.
10. Braun, D.D., "Surficial Geology of the Springville 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Susquehanna and Wyoming Counties, Pennsylvania," Pennsylvania Geological Survey Fourth Series, 2006, 13 pp. and oversized map.
11. Williams, J.A., "Evaluation of Well Logs for Determining the Presence of Freshwater, Saltwater, and Gas above the Marcellus Shale in Chemung, Tioga, and Broome Counties, New York," US Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5224, 2010.
12. Pennsylvania Ground Water Information System, access relational database containing data for wells, springs, and ground water quality throughout Pennsylvania, accessed October 2011, available on line (http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/groundwater/PaGWIS/help.aspx).
13. Lohman, S.W., "Ground water in northeastern Pennsylvania," Progress Report W4, Pennsylvania Geological Survey Fourth Series, 1937, 312 pp.
14. Lohman, S.W., "Groundwater in North-Central Pennsylvania," Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Topographic and Geologic Survey Bulletin W4, 1939, 312 pp.
15. Taylor, L.E., "Groundwater resources of the upper Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania," Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th series, Water Resources Report 58, 1984, 136 p.
16. Geyer, A., and Wilhusen, J.P., "Engineering characteristics of the rocks of Pennsylvania," environmental geology supplement to the state geological map, 1982 Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Dept of Environmental Resources, Office of Resources Management, Harrisburg, Pa., 1982, p. 300.
17. Callaghan, T., Fleeger, G.M., Barnes, S., and Dalberto, A., "Groundwater Flow on the Appalachian Plateau of Pennsylvania in Coal Mine Drainage Prediction and Pollution Prevention in Pennsylvania, Chapter 2, pp. 2-1 to 2-39, 2010, available on line (http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/minres/districts/cmdp/main.htm), accessed November 2011.
18. Carter, K.M., and Harper, J.A., "Oil and gas prospects in northeastern Pennsylvania," in Inners, J.D., and Fleeger, G.M., eds., "From Tunkhannock to Starrucca: bluestone, glacial lakes, and great bridges in the 'Endless Mountains' of northeastern Pennsylvania," Guidebook, 67th Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists, Tunkhannock, Pa., 2002, pp. 15-31.
19. Coleman, J.L., Milici, R.C., Cook. T.A., Charpentier, R.R., Kirschbaum, M., Klett, T.R., Pollastro, R.M., and Schenk , C.J., "Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Devonian Marcellus Shale of the Appalachian Basin Province," US Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2011-3092, Aug. 23, 2011.
20. White, I.C., "The Geology of Susquehanna County and Wayne County," Second Geological Survey, Report of Progress G5, Harrisburg, Pa., 1881, 243 pp.
Displaying 9/10
View Article as Single page