P. 10 ~ Continued - Methane in Pennsylvania water wells unrelated to Marcellus shale fracturing

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21. Ashley, G.H., and Robinson, J.F., "The oil and gas fields of Pennsylvania," The Pennsylvania Geological Survey 4th Series, Vol. 1, 1992, p. 44.

22. Laughrey, C.D., Billman, D.A., and Canich, M.R., "Petroleum geology and geochemistry of the Council Run gas field, north central Pennsylvania," AAPG Bull., Vol. 88, No. 2, 2004, pp. 213-39.

23. Weatherford Laboratories, "Analysis Report of Catskill Organic Material from Conductor Hole," 2011.

24. Hollowell, J.R., and Koester, H.E., "Ground-water resources of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania," Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Fourth Series, Water Resource Report 41, 1975, 106 pp.

25. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, DEP Fact Sheet: "Methane Gas and Your Water Well," Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Jan. 1, 2004.

26. Baldassare, F., "The origin of some natural gases in Permian through Devonian age systems in the Appalachian basin and the relationship to incidents of stray gas migration," presentation prepared for Technical Workshops for Hydraulic Fracturing Study, Feb. 24, 2011.

27. Baldassare, F., Pennsylvania DEP Internal Memo Re: Stray Gas Incident-Dimock Twp., Pa., Susquehanna County, produced on Jan. 29, 2009, by Fred Baldassare, former geologist at the Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental Protection.

28. Baldassare, F., Pennsylvania DEP Internal Memo Re: Stray Gas Investigation, Dimock Township, Pa., Susquehanna County, produced on Sept. 26, 2010, by Fred Baldassare, former geologist at the Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental Protection.

29. Jenden, P.D., Drazan, D.J., and Kaplan, I.R., "Mixing of thermogenic natural gases in northern Appalachian Basin," AAPG Bull., Vol. 77, 1993, pp. 980-98.

30. Ryder, R.T., and Zagorski, W.A., "Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the lower Silurian Regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian Basin, United States," AAPG Bull., Vol. 87, 2003, pp. 847-72.

31. Osborn, S.G., and McIntosh, J.C., "Chemical and isotopic tracers of the contribution of microbial gas in Devonian organic-rich shales and reservoir sandstones, northern Appalachian Basin," Appl. Geochem, Vol. 25, 2010, pp. 456-71.

32. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Rules and Regulations, Title 25-Environmental Protection, Environmental Quality Board [25 PA.CODE CH.78], Oil and Gas wells, issued Feb. 5, 2011, available on line (http://www.pabulletin.com/secure/data/vol41/41-6/239.html).

The authors

Lisa J. Molofsky ([email protected]) is a geologist with GSI Environmental Inc. Since joining GSI in 2009, she has been involved in numerous site investigation and research support projects. She has an MS in geochemistry from the University of Arizona and a BA in geology from Washington University.

John A. Connor ([email protected]) is president of GSI Environmental Inc. and has over 30 years' experience in environmental engineering, with specialization in issues related to the oil and gas industry. He has an MS in civil engineering from Stanford University.

Shahla K. Farhat ([email protected]) is an environmental specialist with GSI Environmental Inc. She specializes in the assessment and remediation of groundwater aquifer systems, and chemical fate and transport modeling. She has a PhD in environmental sciences and engineering from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

A.S. (Buddy) Wylie Jr. ([email protected]) is exploration manager for Cabot's North Region and has over 28 years' experience in petroleum exploration and reservoir characterization. He has MS and BS degrees in geology from North Carolina State University and a PhD in Geology from Michigan Technological University.

Tom Wagner ([email protected]) is a geologist for Cabot's North Region. Since joining Cabot in 2009, he has been involved in development of Cabot's Marcellus resource and other exploration projects. He has an MS in geology from Central Washington University and a BS in geology from Oregon State University.

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